Biology AS Level Paper General Note : P12 M/J 2012

This is revision note for reflection that I made based on CIE AS Level Past Paper.

Question Paper : Open here

Marking Scheme : Open here

Biology P12 M/J 2012

1. Eukaryotic cells size range are 1 x 10 micrometer to 1 x 10^2 micrometer
2. Chromatin are present in all eukaryotic cells but not present in prokaryotic cells.

Synapse Structure and Function

Transmission of an action potential across a chemical synapse involves a uni-directional release of molecules of neurotransmitter from pre-synaptic to post-synaptic membranes.

• Mitochondria are abundant in the synaptic button: release energy for refilling of synaptic vesicles and possibly for pumping of Ca2+ to re-establish Ca2+ concentration gradient across neurone membrane.

Physics Revision Paper Note : A Level CIE P4 O/N 2008

This is revision note that based on CIE A Level Past Paper

Physics Paper 4 O/N 2008

- The formula of the Gravitational Force between the planet and the object :
 F = GMm / R^2

- The formula of the centripetal force required for circular motion of the small mass :
F = mRω^2

- The formula of the normal reaction force = GMm / R^2 – mRω^2

- The normal reaction on the mass will have different values at the equator and at the poles because normal to the object become smaller so it 0 at the poles.

Organic Chemistry Reagent Guide

Organic Chemistry is one of the topic that always come out in the A level exam. 

I got a hard time studying this.

Transport in Multicellular Plants

Here is the power point presentation about this topic :

Just click this to download ^_^

I hope it will help..

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are :

- degenerative diseases of the heart and circulatory system

- They are a major cause of death and disability

- They are responsible for 20% of all deaths worldwide and up to 50% of deaths in developed countries.

Smoking - The Facts

Cigarette smoking is the greatest single cause of illness and premature death in the UK. This leaflet gives reasons why smoking is so harmful. It also lists the benefits of stopping, and where to go for help.